PERBEDAAN KEPADATAN JENTIK, JENIS DAN BREEDING PLACE NYAMUK ANOPHELES SP PADA TIAP TINGKATAN DAERAH ENDEMIS (Studi di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Subah Kabupaten Sambas)

Wahyuni, Silvia and Saleh, Ismael and Hernawan, Andri Dwi (2016) PERBEDAAN KEPADATAN JENTIK, JENIS DAN BREEDING PLACE NYAMUK ANOPHELES SP PADA TIAP TINGKATAN DAERAH ENDEMIS (Studi di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Subah Kabupaten Sambas). Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan.

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Abstract

Latar Belakang : Malaria merupakan salah satu penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh Plasmodium. Kabupaten Sambas merupakan daerah endemis malaria, Kecamatan Subah memiliki angka API tinggi dibandingkan dengan kecamatan lainnya. Puskesmas Subah memiliki 5 desa binaan dengan endemisitas yang berbeda. Suatu daerah yang memiliki tingkat endemisitas malaria yang tinggi perlu memiliki data dan informasi yang menerangkan tentang bionomik vektor. Data tersebut diperlukan dalam perencanaan program pengendalian vektor malaria. Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kepadatan jentik, jenis, dan breeding place nyamuk Anopheles sp pada tiap tingkatan daerah endemis di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Subah Kabupaten Sambas. Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan desain Cross sectional. Analisa data mencakup univariat, bivariat, dan uji statistik menggunakan uji Chi Square (X²). Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah seluruh Dusun, Breeding place dan larva nyamuk Anopheles sp di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Subah dengan 5 dusun yang menjadi sampel yaitu Dusun Sondong, Pengapit, Sabung Trans, Elok Asam,dan Sei Tuba. Hasil : Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik didapatkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan kepadatan jentik nyamuk Anopheles sp (p value 1,000) dan jenis jentik pada tiap tingkatan daerah endemis . terdapat perbedaan Breeding place nyamuk Anopheles sp pada tiap tingkatan daerah endemis (p value = 0,000). Saran : Disarankan dapat melakukan pemberantasan vektor terpadu, meliputi pengendalian fisik, biologi, dan pemberdayaan masyarakat. Pengendalian fisik berupa sanitasi lingkungan seperti penimbunan kolam, pengangkatan tumbuhan, pengeringan sawah secara berkala. Pengendalian biologi berupa penebaran ikan di perairan yang berpotensi sebagai tempat perindukan nyamuk sehingga dapat mengurangi populasi larva sekaligus mengurangi populasi nyamuk di daerah tersebut. "Background : Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease of humans and other animals caused by parasitic protozoans (a type of single cell microorganism) of the Plasmodium type. Kabupaten Sambas is considered as the malaria-endemic area. Among all districs in this regency, Kecamatan Subah has the highest rate of API (Annual Parasite incidendence). Meanwhile, the local health centers of Subah has 5 different target villages with assorted endemicities. Therefore, a malaria-endemic area should have sufficient data and information which decribe the vector bionomics. Then, these data will be used in planning a malaria- vector control program. Objective : This study aimed at discovering the difference of larval density, type, and breeding place of anopheles sp mosquito at each level of endemic area at work area of Puskesmas Subah Kabupaten Sambas. A cross sectional design was carried out in this study. Methods : The data analysis covered univariate, bivariate, chi square statistical test. While the population were the entire districs of Kecamatan Subah, breeding places, and anopheles sp mosquito larvae of anopheles at work area of Puskesmas Subah. Five districts were selected as the samples from the entire population. They were Dusun Sondong, Dusun Pengapit, Dusun Sabung Trans, Dusun Elok Asam, and Dusun Sei Tuba. Result : The study revealed two findings. First, there was no correlation of larvae density of anopheles sp mosquito (p value=1,000) and larvae types at each level of endemic area. Second, there was correlation of anopheles sp mosquito breeding places at each level of endemic area (p value = 0,000). Conclusions : From the findings, integrated vector eradication is considered urgent to be conducted. This can be done by employing physical and biological controls, and involving local people to support the activity. Physical control includes environmental sanitation; vegetation removal and periodic field drainage. While biological control includes fish stocking as it is the potential area of mosquito breeding places. Thus, both mosquito and larvae population can be effectively reduced"

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